Racial Divide In America Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The United States wellness attention system is considered missing when compared to other developed states. The issues refering the quality of wellness attention raises polarized argument across the state, yet everyone agrees that on the whole, the U.S. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Divide In America Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now wellness attention system is one of the better attention systems in the universe. Despite immense investing and changeless reforms, there is an overpowering organic structure of literature back uping racial disparity in the wellness attention system, particularly amongst African-Americans. This paper explores the causes for the disparity in wellness attention that prevail against African-Americans. The surveies on wellness attention disparity portion common decision that African-Americans suffer from terrible wellness attention disadvantages. Research has besides shown that African Americans have higher mortality and morbidity rates1. They experience hapless wellness runing from infant mortality and diabetes to cardiac disease, HIV/AIDS, and other unwellnesss. 2 There are many factors lending to difference in the wellness attention quality among the races. One of the most perennial and common documented factor is the socio-economic factor. It is good documented and recognized that disparity in socio-economic across racial and cultural groups correlatives to disparity in the wellness attention. 3 SES affects handiness to quality wellness attention and better populating criterion which leads to healthy diet. It besides affects instruction quality that has deduction for future development. A recent analysis of 1991 to 2000 mortality informations concluded that, had mortality rates of African Americans been tantamount to that of Whites, over 880,000 deceases could hold been prevented.4 These 800,000 African americans died because of hapless wellness quality and carelessness on the supplier ‘s side. In add-on, African American babies are two to three times more likely than white babies to hold low birth weight-a cardinal index of baby mortality.5 Even after commanding economic factors, surveies show that African-Americans receive poorer quality intervention than their white opposite numbers with same insurance. So why are African Americans having hapless quality wellness attention? The reply to this inquiry encompasses an intricate organic structure of history of racism, wellness attention construction A ; policy and environmental factors that has put minorities ‘ wellness at a disadvantage. In the yesteryear, a turning figure of research relied on socio- economic position factor to explicate the racial disparity. In recent old ages, racial prejudices are good recognized and documented to explicate the difference in wellness quality. In fact, in the most recent study by Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) , they found strong grounds that racial prejudice, favoritism, pigeonholing, and clinical uncertainness besides play a function. 6 In the book Health Care disparity in the United States by Donald Barr, he concludes that â€Å" unconscious prejudice † is the chief cause of disparity in the wellness care7. Dr Barr exerts that most doctors carry unconscious prejudice when they treat patients of differing cultural or racial background. Experimental surveies besides confirm that doctors can keep negative beliefs about their minority patients. The negative stereotypes in bend affect the type of intervention or prescription offered to them. Thus the difference in intervention and lack in wellness among African Americans is largely due to their doctor ‘s bias.8 These prejudices stem from race as a societal building that existed from long ago and continues to make so. The difference in wellness attention intervention based on race roots from U.S. history of racism based on negative stereotyping that plagued the state for decennaries. The unconscious racial prejudice held by doctors entirely can non account for the disparity. The construction of wellness attention system, and policies in which the attention is provided, besides contribute to the inequality of wellness attention. For illustration, quality of wellness attention resources depends on the vicinity in which wellness centre is located. Many Afro-american vicinities are extremely segregated from white communities. In such countries, doctors have greater troubles accessing high-quality specializers, diagnostic imagination, and non-emergency admittance of their patients to the infirmary, than doctors who serve preponderantly non-minority patients.9 The other consequence of race is its deduction on the individual. Person ‘s racial individuality can do them to be prone to certain diseases like bosom diseases, higher blood force per unit area due to emphasize, and favoritism subjected to them. There is a figure of research that really supports this. In fact Dr. Arline Geronimus of University of Michigan proposed the â€Å" weathering † hypothesis, which states that Afro-american experience early wellness impairment as a effect of the cumulative impact of perennial experience with societal or economic hardship and political marginalization.10 From 1990, the racial disparity drew serious attending from outside organic structures like United Nations and World Health attention organization.11 Ever since so these outside organic structures have been pressing U.S. authorities to take actions. There has been lot done to document the disparities and implicate policies to diminish the spread. In certain countries, wellness attention for African Americans seem to better, yet from a bigger position the quality of wellness attention seems to increase small or no alteration at all. For case, among African Americans, decease rates from bosom disease were 10 % lower than in White persons in 1980, but 30 % higher in 200012. Cancer is the second-leading cause of decease in the United States and African-Americans have moved from holding a decease rate from malignant neoplastic disease below that for Whites in1950 to a rate 30 % higher than for Whites in 200013. Such statistics calls for serious argument, it is sad to see widening racial disparity of wellness attention in a state that has the highest Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . Studies point to new ways to incorporate racial determiners as cardinal factors to better the wellness attention for minorities. Dr. Barr in his decision calls for an addition in minorities in the wellness attention professionals. The racial disparity in wellness attention is a consequence of interaction of race with socio-economic factor, wellness attention construction, environmental conditions and biass. Merely as racial biass still pertain in today ‘s universe, the institutional racism in wellness attention besides pertains. The racial disparity in the United States is a serious issue that requires betterment and governmental attending. There has been lot done to bridge the spread, yet really small has improved. This issue requires calls for different professionals to work together. End Notes Kaplan, H Roy. The Myth of Post-Racial America. Old line state: Rowman A ; Littlefield Education, 2011. Kahng, Sang Kyoung. â€Å" Can Racial Disparity in Health between Black and White Americans Be Attributed to Racial Disparities in Body Weight and Socio economic Status? † Health A ; SocialWork, November 2010, 257-66. Kahng, Sang Kyoung 2 S.H. Woolf et al. , â€Å" The wellness impact of deciding racial disparities: An analysis of US mortality informations † , Public Health 2078, 2078-81 ( 2004 ) . Board on Health Science Policy: Unequal intervention: Confronting Racial and cultural disparities in Health Care, Consensus Report, March 20, 2003. Board on Health Science Policy 4 Barr, Donald, A. Health Disparities in the United States: Social Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Health. Old line state: The Johns Hopkins University Press.2008. Barr, Donald, A. 7 Dolores Acevedo-Garcia et al. , â€Å" Unequal Health Outcomes in the United States † , A Report to the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, January 2008. Arline T. Geronimus, ScD, Margaret Hicken, MPH, Danya Keene, MAT, and John Bound, PhD, â€Å" â€Å" Weathering † and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States † , American Journal of Public Health, May 2006, Vol 96, No. 5 Kim, E Annice, Kumanyika Shiriki, Igweatu Daniel, and Kim, Son-Ho. â€Å" Coverage and Framing of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in US Newspapers, 1996-2005. † American Journal of Public Health, Supplement 2010, 224-31 Airhihenbuwa, O. Collins, A ; Liburd, Leandris. â€Å" Eliminating Health Disparities in the African American Population: The Interface of Culture, Gender, and Power † Health Education A ; Behavior, August 2006, 488-501 Airhihenbuwa, O. Collins, A ; Liburd, Leandris 12 How to cite Racial Divide In America Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Evaluation of Various Accounting Policies-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Using the American Accounting Association (AAA) ethical decision model and relevant ethics standards to recommend a course of action for Janelle. 2.With reference to relevant case law, prepare a report for the managing partner of MYH on the strength of any negligence case that GGL might bring against MYH. The report should follow standard report structure. Information on report writing can be found here. Answers: 1.During the year 1990, Langenderfer and Rockness developed the different concepts of the American Accounting Association (AAA) model. AAA model provides the auditors with seven logical steps in order to deal with different ethical situation in auditing (Hope, Thomas Vyas, 2013). It needs to be mentioned that the application of the seven-step model of AAA is required in the provided case of Great Gold Limited (GGL) to provide logical course of actions. The main area of concern of this case is related with the leasing of apportion of their machinery from Big Machine Limited (BML) in spite of the fact that there is availability of other machinery suppliers in the region supplying small portion of the machineries. Apart from this, another major ethical issue can be seen due to the increase in profit under the directorship of Brent Allen related with the leasing of significant part of the machinery. In this situation, it is required for the auditor to apply the seven step model of AAA t o get recommended course of action (Yetman Yetman, 2012). Step 1: Facts Identification: This step involves in the identification of major facts with te concerned cases. In this particular situation, the major unethical case is related with the lease of large proportion of machinery to GGL by the director of the company in the presence of other small suppliers of machinery in that region (Kassem Higson, 2012). Step 2: Ethical Issues in the Case: In this AAA model, the second step involves in the identification of major ethical issues related with the provided case. Thus, based on the analysis of the provided case, an assertion can be presented that shows the motive of the director of GGL to increase the profit of BML that leads to the creation of an unethical situation (Craft, 2013). Step 3: Identification of Norms, Principles and Values Related with the Case: In the provided case, the norms, values and principles related with the directors of the company indicates towards the principle of integrity. It is the responsibility of the companies to make sure that there is compliance between corporate governance principles and ethical code of conducts while performing the business operations of these two companies. In the provided case study, the main ethical issue is related with professional integrity at the workplace. There has been major violation in the principle of integrity due to the intention of the director to increase the profit of BML with the help of significant lease of machinery. The inability of the auditors to demonstrate ethical principle and sound moral can also been seen. Thus, the director of the company has failed to act in fair, honest and ethical manner (Michels,2012). Another major ethical principle involved in this case is Due Care and Professionalism of the auditors while executing the audit procedures. It is the requirement of the director of the company to act in the most ethical manner and discharge legal duties professionally as per the ethical principle and code of conducts. Hence, the director of the company has shown an incorrect moral and ethical behavior (Michels, 2012). Step 4: Determination of Alternative Course of Action: There can be two situation in this case. In the first situation, one can simply ignore the ethical issues for director and let the profitability be increased. However, the second option demands the director not to lease the large portion of machinery to GGL (Ball, 2013). Step 5: Determination of the Best Course of Action: In this case, the best course of action according to the norms, principles and values is not to lease the significant part of the machinery to GGL. In addition, the company is required to lease the small portion of machinery as it will be majorly helpful in avoiding the occurrence of unethical situations related with profitability. This aspect will be helpful in the true and fair value of the financial statements. It needs to be mentioned that this course of action will be supported by the norms and ethical principles that will lead to the true and fair presentation of financial statements. Moreover, the auditors will be majorly accountable for making it sure that they address all the aspects that lead to the breach of ethical principles. Otherwise, it will be considered as the audit failures (Blankespoor et al., 2013). Step 6: Consequences of Courses of Action: Under the first option, the director will be continuing to lease the large portion of the machinery from BML. It will increase the profitability of the company along with the wealth of the directors. However, at the same time, the director will expose himself to the risk of the breach of ethical principle and legal risks (Michels, 2012). Under the second option, the directors will refuse to increase the profit of the company. This particular aspect will affect the relation between the auditor and the director. This particular situation will ensure that there is a violation of the ethical norms and principles. This aspect will be majorly helpful in maintaining the reputation and social standing of the auditors that will increase the confidence of the public and the stakeholders. Most importantly, the second option will be highly beneficial for the application of ethical perspectives in different aspects like the independence of the board, the protection of investor interest and many others (Michels, 2012). Step 7: The Decision: Under the model of director, it is the responsibility of the decision makers to consider the major aspects of ethical norms, principles and values while making the decisions. All these aspects will make the decision makers to make effective decisions. In this particular case, the application of the steps of AAA states that the intention of the director to increase the profit of the company with leasing is highly unethical from the part of the directors. For this reason, the director is required to be questionable in order to provide justification on the parts of accountability, transparency and appropriate governance in the business organizations. This is an important part in this model (Blankley, Hurtt MacGregor, 2012). 2.Introduction The provided case study deals with the issue of GGL related with the decrease in the prices of the shares. Moreover, there are many instances suggesting the situation that a large amount of contingent liability was included in the account of the previous year. This particular aspect contributed towards the raise of several damage claims from the part of the shareholders in the last annual meeting. At the same time, there were many opinion related to the inclusion of the large amount of contingent liability in the financial statements of the previous year for the negligence of the auditors (Vijayakumar Nagaraja, 2012). Application of Due Diligence While addressing MYH, it needs to be mentioned that the directors of the companies have the obligating to act with loyalty and professional due care. It implies that the directors are required t act in the most ethical men net for the betterment of the companies. This aspect will be largely helpful from the part of the shareholders, as it will help in increasing value of the shareholders (Munsif, Raghunandan Rama, 2012). In the provided situation of MYH, it can be said that the action of GGL is a wrong thing that can damage the wealth of the shareholders to suffer huge loss, the development of legal liability for the individual shareholders and all these aspects can lead to torturous acts. It needs to be mentioned that crimes fall under the tort law. However, there will be not be any restriction on the course of actions on the crime due to the negligence of the harm of the shareholders by the company (Munsif, Raghunandan Rama, 2012). There are some major identical duties of the directors that can also be found in other jurisdictions; more specifically, they are subject to loyalty and duty of care. Thus, it is the responsibility of the directors to act in the best ethical manner for the interest of the company and the shareholders. This can be considered as a major benefit for the shareholders in the presence of the obligation of creating value for the shareholders. In this process, the directors are required to avoid any conflict of interest (Newton et al., 2015). The violation of the standards of corporate governance can be seen from the company while deterring the duties of the auditors and the directors. In the case Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich, the failure of director in meeting the liability can be seen along with the failure in meeting the duty of care; and all these aspects led to the collapse of the whole organization. In this perspective, GGL has the authority to take action of tort law against MYH as the director of the companies has real intention in omitting the large contingent liability from being included in the correct accounts. This action may lead to the non-reflection of the true and fair value of the financial condition of the company (Varzaly, 2012). Compensatory Damage These negligent factors can have the ability to encourage the shareholders of GGL due to the burden to meet the debts falls on the shareholders. In case of MYH, GGL has the authority to make the claim for damage for the incurred losses. According to the laws, the damages can be compensated with the award of money to the persons who bear the loss or injury. The classification of damage can be done in punitive damage or compensatory damage. In case of GGL, the specific negligence action can lead to compensatory damage for the shareholders due to their economic losses like reduction in earning and others. For this reason, GGL can take actions against MYH due to blatant negligence actions that result in compensatory damage (Daniela Attila, 2013). In the case of Lee v Chou Wen Hsein (1948), the judgment of the Privy Council allowed the private company to have the provision of the directors for the removal of the other directors. In this situation, the removal of the directors from the office does not have any impact on the directors for claiming the breach of contract (Van Dam, 2013). On the other hand, it is the requirement of the directors for the determination of the overall response for addressing the risks by assigning and supervising the employees to take significant responsibilities of engagement. The current situation shows the failure of the auditors in considering the contingent liability in the companys book for expressing the true and fair value of the company to its shareholders and investors. Moreover, the failure of the auditors can be seen in the evaluation of accounting policies for financial reporting (Hermanson, Smith Stephens, 2012). In the provided case of GGL, the analytical process states that the unrecognized amount of contingent liability leads to the development of material missstements. For this reason, the financial statements of the company may not convey the true financial position of the company. Thus, it is the responsibility of the auditors to assess these material misstatements in order to find out that whether have been created from financial fraud. In case of GGL, there was a greater need to address omission of contingent liability for reevaluating the responses of risk assessment (Daniela Attila, 2013). For this reason, there is a need to make significant decision in respect to susceptibility of material misstatements in the financial statements due to the omission of contingent liability. Thus, based on the above discussion, GGL has the full authority to take action against MYH for tort of negligence. Negative action can lead to compensatory damage for the shareholders that can lead to major economic losses to the shareholders (Munsif, Raghunandan Rama, 2012). Conclusion Based on the whole discussion, it can be said that there is a need for the determination of the overall response for addressing the assed risks with the help of assigning and supervising necessary individuals to take significant engagement responsibilities. The responsibility of the auditors is the evaluation of various accounting policies related with the omission of contingent liability. Moreover, the involvement of the director can increase the profit of the company due to the lease of machinery. For this reason, there is a need for the application of appropriate steps of AAA with the organization. References Ball, R. (2013). Accounting informs investors and earnings management is rife: Two questionable beliefs.Accounting Horizons,27(4), 847-853. Blankespoor, E., Linsmeier, T. J., Petroni, K. R., Shakespeare, C. (2013). Fair value accounting for financial instruments: Does it improve the association between bank leverage and credit risk?.The Accounting Review,88(4), 1143-1177. Blankley, A. I., Hurtt, D. N., MacGregor, J. E. (2012). Abnormal audit fees and restatements.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(1), 79-96. Craft, J. L. (2013). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of business ethics,117(2), 221-259. Daniela, P., Attila, T. (2013). Internal audit versus internal control and coaching.Procedia Economics and Finance,6, 694-702. Hermanson, D. R., Smith, J. L., Stephens, N. M. (2012). How effective are organizations' internal controls? Insights into specific internal control elements.Current Issues in Auditing,6(1), A31-A50. Hope, O. K., Thomas, W. B., Vyas, D. (2013). Financial reporting quality of US private and public firms.The Accounting Review,88(5), 1715-1742. Kassem, R., Higson, A. (2012). The new fraud triangle model.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,3(3), 191. Michels, J. (2012). Do unverifiable disclosures matter? Evidence from peer-to-peer lending.The Accounting Review,87(4), 1385-1413. Michels, J. (2012). Do unverifiable disclosures matter? Evidence from peer-to-peer lending.The Accounting Review,87(4), 1385-1413. Munsif, V., Raghunandan, K., Rama, D. V. (2012). Internal control reporting and audit report lags: Further evidence.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(3), 203-218. Newton, N. J., Persellin, J. S., Wang, D., Wilkins, M. S. (2015). Internal control opinion shopping and audit market competition.The Accounting Review,91(2), 603-623. Van Dam, C. (2013).European tort law. OUP Oxford. Varzaly, J. (2012). Protecting the authority of directors: an empirical analysis of the statutory business judgment rule.Journal of Corporate Law Studies,12(2), 429-463. Vijayakumar, A. N., Nagaraja, N. (2012). Internal Control Systems: Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Risk Management at Public Sector Enterprises.BVIMR Management Edge,5(1). Yetman, M. H., Yetman, R. J. (2012). Do donors discount low-quality accounting information?.The Accounting Review,88(3), 1041-1067

The Lightning Thief and References to Greek Mythology

'The Lightning Thief' and References to Greek Mythology Rick Riordans The Lightning Thief (the first volume of Riordans Percy Jackson and the Olympians series) mentions many names familiar from Greek mythology. Here youll find further information on the explicit mythological references and some more subtle mythological allusions. The order of the list below attempts to follow the sequence of mentions in the book as well as Riordans other references to Greek mythology. The Book Series The Percy Jackson and the Olympians Series consist of five books by author Rick Riordan. The first book, The Lightning Thief, focuses on Percy Jackson, who is about to get kicked out of boarding school for the second time. Mythological monsters and gods are after him and he only has ten days to rectify what they want from him.  In the second book, The Sea of Monsters, Percy finds trouble at Camp Half-Blood where mythological monsters are back. In order to save the camp and keep it from being destroyed, Percy needs to gather his friends.   The third book,  The Titans Curse, has Percy and his friends looking to see what happened to the goddess Artemis, who went missing and is believed to have been kidnapped.  They need to solve the mystery and save Artemis before the winter solstice. In the fourth book, The Battle of the Labyrinth, the war between the Olympians and Titan lord Kronos grows stronger as Camp Half-Blood becomes more vulnerable. Percy and his friends have to go on a quest in this adventure. In the fifth and final installment of the series, The Last Olympian  focuses on the half-bloods preparing for the war against the Titans. Knowing it is an uphill battle, the thrill is strong to see who will reign more powerful. About the Author Rick Riordan is most known for the Percy Jackson and the Olympians series but has also written the Kane Chronicles and the Heroes of Olympus. He is a #1 New York Times bestselling author and has won multiple awards for the mystery series for adults known as Tres Navarre. Mythological References KronosTitansZeus/JupiterTitanomachyFatesHadesMinotaurHerculesChironPegasusHeraApolloNymphsDionysusAphrodite/VenusPrometheusCentaurUnderworldHermesAresOracleNaiadsAthenaDemeterPoseidonLaurelHephaestusArtemisCerberusNemesisCyclopsTrojan WarCirceHydraPythonMaiaJasonMt. EtnaIliadGolden AgeGorgonsPanShower of GoldNemean LionZephyrChimeraIrisCupidArachneArachneAresArtemisAphrodite/VenusApolloAsphodel FieldsAthenaCentaurCerberusCharonChimeraChironCirceCupidCyclopsDemeterDionysusElysian FieldsEtnaFatesGolden AgeGorgonsHeraHadesHarpiesHeraHephaestusHerculesHermesHydraIliadIrisJasonJupiter/ZeusKronosLaurelLotusOracleMaiaMinotaur9 MusesMt. EtnaNaiadsNemean LionNemesisNereidNymphsPanPegasusPersephonePoseidonPrometheusPythonShower of GoldSisyphusTitanomachyTitansTrojan WarUnderworldUnderworld Judges - MinosVenus/AphroditeZephyrZeus/JupiterLotusNereidCharonAsphodel FieldsElysian FieldsDemeter9 MusesHarpiesAndromedaAntaeusBulls of ColchisCadmusCalypsoDryadsEurytionGanymedeGeryonGraeaeJanusLaistrygo nians Mt. OthrysPeleusPolyphemus

Diploid Cell Definition and Example

Diploid Cell Definition and Example A diploid cell is a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. This is double the haploid chromosome number. Each pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell is considered to be one  homologous chromosome  set. A single chromosome set consists of two chromosomes, one of which is donated from the mother and the other from the father. Humans have 23 sets of homologous chromosomes. Paired sex chromosomes are the (X and Y) homologues in males and the (X and X) homologues in females. The somatic cells in your body are diploid cells. Somatic cells include all of the cell types of the body, except for the gametes or sex cells. Gametes are haploid cells. During sexual reproduction, gametes (sperm and egg cells) fuse at fertilization to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into a diploid organism. Diploid Chromosome Number The diploid chromosome number of a cell is the number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus. This number is commonly abbreviated as 2n, where n stands for the number of chromosomes. For humans, this equation would be 2n46. Humans have 2 sets of 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. Autosomal chromosomes (non-sex chromosomes): 22 sets of 2Sex chromosomes: 1 set of 2 The diploid chromosome number varies depending on the organism with most containing between 10 and 50 chromosomes per cell. Examples of organisms and their diploid chromosome numbers include: Organism Diploid Chromosome Number (2n) E.coli Bacterium 1 Mosquito 6 Lily 24 Frog 26 Humans 46 Turkey 82 Shrimp 254 Diploid Cell Reproduction Diploid cells reproduce by the process of mitosis. In mitosis, a cell makes an identical copy of itself allowing its DNA to be replicated and distributed equally between two daughter cells. Somatic cells go through the mitotic cell cycle, while gametes are reproduced by meiosis. In the meiotic cell cycle, four daughter cells are produced instead of two. These cells are haploid containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Polyploid and Aneuploid Cells The term ploidy refers to the number of chromosome sets found in a cells nucleus. Chromosome sets in diploid cells occur in pairs, while haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell. A cell that is polyploid has extra sets of homologous chromosomes. The genome in this type of cell contains three or more haploid sets. For example, a cell that is triploid has three haploid chromosome sets and a cell that is tetraploid has four haploid chromosomes sets. A cell that is aneuploid contains an abnormal number of chromosomes. It may have extra or missing chromosomes or may have a chromosome number that is not a multiple of the haploid number. Aneuploidy occurs as a result of chromosome mutation that happens during cell division. Homologous chromosomes fail to separate correctly resulting in daughter cells with either too many or not enough chromosomes. Diploid and Haploid Life Cycles Most plant and animal tissues consist of diploid cells. In multicellular animals, organisms are typically diploid for their entire life cycles. Plant multicellular organisms, such as flowering plants, have life cycles that vacillate between periods of a diploid stage and a haploid stage. Known as alternation of generations, this type of life cycle is exhibited in both non-vascular plants and vascular plants. In liverworts and mosses, the haploid phase is the primary phase of the life cycle. In flowering plants and gymnosperms, the diploid phase is the primary phase and the haploid phase is totally dependent upon the diploid generation for survival. Other organisms, such as fungi and algae, spend the majority of their life cycles as haploid organisms that reproduce by spores. Key Points Diploid cells are cells with two sets of chromosomes. They have twice the chromosome number of haploid cells.Somatic cells (body cells excluding sex cells) are examples of diploid cells.The diploid chromosome number is the number of chromosomes within a cells nucleus.The diploid chromosome number is represented as 2n and varies among different organisms.A diploid cell replicates by mitosis and preserves the diploid chromosome number by making identical copies of its chromosomes and distributing them equally between two daughter cells.Animal organisms are typically diploid for the entirety of their life cycles.Plant life cycles alternate between diploid and haploid stages.

Introduction To Stoichiometry

Introduction To Stoichiometry One of the most important parts of chemistry is stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the study of the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. The word comes from the Greek  words:  stoicheion  (element) and  metron  (measure). Sometimes youll see stoichiometry covered by another name: mass relations. Its a more easily pronounced way of saying the same thing. Stoichiometry Basics Mass relations are based on three important laws. If you keep these laws in mind, youll be able to make valid predictions and calculations for a chemical reaction. Law of Conservation of Mass - mass of the products equals the mass of the reactantsLaw of Multiple Proportions - the mass of one element combines with a fixed mass of another element in a ratio of whole numbersLaw of Constant Composition - all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition Common Stoichiometry Concepts and Problems The quantities in stoichiometry problems  are expressed in atoms, grams, moles, and units of volume, which means you need to be comfortable with unit conversions and basic math. To work mass-mass relations, you need to know how to write and balance chemical equations.  Youll need a calculator and a periodic table. Heres information you need to understand before you start work with stoichiometry: How the Periodic Table WorksWhat a Mole IsUnit Conversions (Worked Examples)Convert Grams To Moles (Step By Step Instructions) A typical problem gives you an equation, asks you to balance it, and to determine the amount of reactant or product under certain conditions. For example, you may be given the following chemical equation: 2 A 2 B → 3 C and asked, if you have 15 grams of A, how much C can you expect from the reaction if it goes to completion? This would a be a mass-mass question. Other typical problem types are molar ratios, limiting reactant, and theoretical yield calculations. Why Stoichiometry Is Important You cant understand chemistry without grasping the basics of stoichiometry because it helps you predict how much of a reactant participates in a chemical reaction, how much product youll get, and how much reactant might be left over. Tutorials and Worked Example Problems From here, you can explore specific stoichiometry topics: How To Balance EquationsExample of Balancing an EquationUnderstanding Molar RatiosHow To Find the Limiting ReactantHow To Calculate Theoretical Yield Quiz Yourself Do you think you understand stoichiometry? Test yourself with this quick quiz.

Pros and cons of outsourcing Human Resource Managment Functions Research Paper

Pros and cons of outsourcing Human Resource Managment Functions - Research Paper Example Organizations turn to outsourcing to slash their operational costs and improve financial position. Human resource outsourcing aims at reducing expenses by relegating official work to countries that provide HRM services at the fraction of what a company will pay at its home base (Ivancevich, 2004). European and North American companies are the main proponents of HRM outsourcing as they face the biggest challenge of financial constraints and relatively high turnover rates, despite the increasing recession. The top management finds it much easier to transfer the employee hiring and management duties to an outside vendor that might have its operational base in some other country or region. The basic function of a HRM vendor is to recruit and manage employees while freeing the client of this daunting task. The company can divert its attention to improving its financial performance or introducing new technology or working procedures, among other things. The less pressure on the client company over the management of employees and the associated financial burdens, thus, results in a better performance and greater efficiency (Mullins, 2007). The critics of HRM outsourcing, however, opine that divesting the employee management system to an outsider vendor can damage the reputation of a company. Additionally, it can also result in a breach of privacy as the outside vendor can delve deeper into the company procedure and hand it over to a rival company. They also say that transferring the salary and other accounting system to an outsider company might pave way for financial embezzlement, among other things. The biggest advantage of HRM outsourcing is the relative financial improvement and increased efficiency of a company. Human resource issues consume a lot of money, energy, and time of a company management as they get involved in the employees’ matters and waste their precious time that they can use in matters that are more useful. Along with the wastage of

Why does science matter to a democratic society Essay

Why does science matter to a democratic society - Essay Example Firstly, this form of punishment is a protective measure. For the safety of the inmates and other people in the facility, there is need to isolate people who are a threat to human life. Therefore, when a person is isolated from other inmates, the inmates’ safety is not jeopardized. Similarly, some inmates tend to have a conflict with a single inmate. This may be due to personal grudges and misunderstanding. Therefore, for the safety of such a person, solitary confinement is a prudent approach. Secondly, this type of punishment is used to limit any illegal or criminal activities. For instance, some inmates have communication avenues whilst in the prison. This communication is crucial as it facilitates criminal activities inside the facility. In some bizarre cases, inmates facilitate criminal activities outside the facility. When the inmates are noted to facilitate such activities, they are isolated from the other inmates. Apparently, this is a prudent approach to the situation. As a fact, the other inmates will not be coerced into joining the criminal gangs. Thirdly, solitary confinement is effective when the people in control are on a suicide watch. It is noted that some people exhibit suicidal behavior. For instance, Evan shot himself twice while on probation (Zennie 1). Similarly, the inmate can commit murder before committing suicide. To substantiate such behavior, the inmate is isolated from the other inmates. This may save the life of the inmate, as there will be a closer focus. Though some people are in support of solitary confinement, some people find it inappropriate. For instance, in the Daily Mail article, there are allegations that solitary confinement may have affected the behavior of attorney’s son. First, it is stated that people need a social life. This is where people interact with others, make friends,