Saturday, March 21, 2020

Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population Essays

Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population Essays Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population Paper Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population Paper and Dash J. , 2008). Noise pollution also affects workers that work around noise pollution (Toothache, Z, 201 1 the study showed how noise effects workers, and the environment while the building of a dam. Because of the amount of the noise that the workers and the environment has to take in during the day while the job is being conducted, there for making the workers loose there hearing. This relates to this project because this research tested what the noise did to the environment and the organisms that were within. In 1997 K. Swisher and Identical researched how whitetail deer are becoming major problems in communities today. The stated, Many communities are trying to regulate the deer populations that are closed from hunting. As long as adequate food sources are available deer populations will double every two to three years. Which is mainly due to the over population of the wildlife in that area because of the deforested area that was used to construct the communities. And what those members of the communities dont realize is that they are the cause for the abundance of whitetail deer in their area because were there house is those animals used o live. Another study conducted by S. Webb and K. Gee in 2009 was based on the survival and fidelity of the whitetail deer. They examined marked deer recaptures and sightings over a thirteen year period on an enclosed population of whitetail deer in Oklahoma, LISA. The researchers tested the survival and fidelity parameter. They found that the number of animals that are enclosed by fences have increased which created issues with the breeding habits and individual populations. The researchers also found that male deer had a 58% survival rate during hunting season compared to the 78% of the females during the hunting season. A study conducted by F. Wickedly and J. Foster in 2009, researchers used a Powders estimator to find the number of whitetail deer in a two hundred and fourteen hectare area in Texas. The researchers also used a corn supplement to attract the whitetail deer to their testing area. However in this research there will be no corn supplement used in conducting this research, the sample will be completely natural. B. Miller and R. Denying in 201 0 conducted research on the whitetail deer on the amount of whitetail deer in a given area. Clover Traps were used which are baited traps with kernel corn that the deer eat. These researchers collected data from whitetail deer from Feb.. 27th 1999 to the 19th of March 2005. These deer where physically restrained, blindfolded, and given an intramuscular injection of Calamine hydrochloride (1 00 MGM/ml) which is a tranquilizer shot, at a dosage of 2. 2 MGM/keg body mass. Then those deer were fixed with plastic ear tags which told there estimated age. Methodology The procedures that the researcher will need to follow if in need of conducting this project are as follows. Obtain a wooded area of which there is a population of whitetail deer that the researcher may conduct the experiment on. Note that the researcher must have at least a 5 acre perimeter of woodland area around the researchers test sight so that the research will not affect other populations. Then, Obtain a Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail camera. This is a water proof outdoor camera that uses a motion detector to take pictures during the day and at night. Obtain an alarm motion detector that is suitable for being outside and being wet. Drive way alarms for cars seem to work very well. (Note: Have not found the alarm product name yet and still needed for project) After the materials have been gathered, in researchers wooded area find a suitable place to place the Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail camera so that it will have a good view of the area that will be tested. Post it on the suitable tree and make sure that the camera is taking pictures by moving in front of the camera and seeing if a red light comes on when the researcher goes by. Place the remote control motion detector underneath the trail camera so that the camera can take the picture of any whitetail deer in that area when the alarm is going off, and when the motion detector is not in use (Control Variable No Noise). Next depending on what independent variable (Noise) that is being tested set the allotted time or the motion detector to run, before leaving again make sure that the two materials are working by walking in front of the materials. The camera should blink red and the motion detector should sound. After, let the materials sit out in the woods for the 2 week trial periods. Finally, after the 2 week trial period is over go back to the research area and retrieve the Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail cameras memory card. Then replace the memory card with a new blank memory card by inserting it into the designated slot. Make sure to leave the camera out there so the researcher would not have to repeat steps and 4. Repeat steps 6, 7, and 8 for the other independent variables. After receiving the memory chip: First, manually count each deer seen in each picture so that the researcher may record you data in their lab notebook. The researcher might also want to record dates, an times so that they find the mean, and mode for each day and time. So that there is data on what day out of the trial period the Whitetail deer moved the most and what the mean and mode was for the time of day also during the 2 week trial lengths. To better understand the Whitetail deers movement patterns due to the noise pollution. Next, plug in the researchers data in Maintain to get the mean, and mode for the movement patterns due to the noise pollution in the Whitetail deers environment. Record researchers data in their lab notebook, and then repeat steps 1-3 for each independent variables trial. Data Interpretation The levels and options of my independent variable are a control which will be the environmental noise that is already in the area that I will be testing. This means that will have to be done on this trial period is set up the motion detector and the trail camera. Another level of this project is the low noise eating which will be a certain time period that the noise will be on so to speak. The next variable will be the medium noise setting which will be a time period that fall be extend from the low setting. The final noise setting will be the high which will be the noise being produce 24 hours at a time for each day. The units and measurement technique for my dependent variable is that the researcher will be manually going through and counting each deer that are seen in all of the pictures. Then they will see what noise setting the picture was taken during and calculate my data. The researcher will also see hat the mean number of deer there was that came in the testing area for each day and noise level. The descriptive statistics that will be used in this research is mean which is due to the need to find out what the mean number of whitetail deer there were in that particular area at that time and what the mean number of whitetail deer there were in that particular area at that time and what the mean number of deer was that came in that area in that two week trial period every day. An NOVA test will be used for inferential statistics so that sample data can be compared to the overall population. This ill allow the researcher to see the number of whitetail deer out of that population that is affected by each noise level. The overall outcome (hypothesis) that is thought to happen in this experiment is, if there is a substantial amount of human population noise in a given area, and then the number of Whitetail deer in that area will be lower. This means that when there is an increase in the amount of noise in this experiment then the number of deer visiting that area will decline. Data Collection Table: Trial # I Control of Deer) I Low (# of Deer) I Deer) I High ( # of Deer) I Trial #1 h weekly h weekly h weekly h weekly Trial #2 h weekly h weekly h weekly h weekly Above is the data collection table that includes three trial periods for each independent variable. With each trial period lasting for two week periods, that are being tested one after another a day apart. Data Analysis Figure 1 shows that the number Of deer in the picture if counted manually was 4, the time was at 8:40 in the morning and it was 9-2-11. There were a total number of 493 pictures like the one below that had more and less than the one below. Figure 1 shows that the number of deer in the picture if counted manually During this research 493 photographs were used to collect qualitative and initiative data, like the one shown below. The photographs show that there are deer coming into the area, what time they came in, the date, and if it was during the day or at night. The photo below is a photo taken from the control period of this experiment.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

How to Start a Private School

How to Start a Private School Starting a private school is a lengthy and complicated process. Fortunately for you, plenty of folks have done the same thing you are thinking of doing. You will find much inspiration and practical advice from their examples. In fact, you will find it extremely useful browsing the history section of any established private schools website. Some of these stories will inspire you. Others will remind you that starting a school takes lots of time, money and support. Here is a timeline for the tasks involved with starting your own private school. Todays Private School Climate Below, important information is outlined to guide you through the process, however, its important to note that in todays economic climate, many private schools are struggling. The Atlantic reports that private k12 schools saw an almost 13% decline over the course of a decade (2000-2010). Why is this? The National Association of Independent Schools reports that the growth forecast for 2015-2020 is declining, with fewer school-aged children between the ages of 0-17. Fewer children mean fewer students to enroll.   The cost of private school, and especially boarding school, is also concerning. In fact, The Association of Boarding Schools (TABS) published a strategic plan for 2013-2017, in which it pledged to increase efforts to help schools identify and recruit qualified families in North America. This pledge led to the creation of  the North American Boarding Initiative to address the declining enrollment in private boarding schools. This passage is taken from their website: For various economic, demographic, political, and cultural reasons, the sector has faced serious enrollment challenges during distinct periods in its distinguished history, surviving the Great Depression, the specter of two World Wars, and the social turbulence of the 60s and 70s, among other disjunctions. Always, boarding schools have adapted: ending discriminatory policies and admitting students of different races and religions; adding day students; becoming coeducational; expanding philanthropy; investing aggressively in financial aid; modernizing curriculum, facilities, and student life; and recruiting internationally.Again, we face a serious enrollment challenge. Domestic boarding enrollment has declined gradually, yet consistently, for more than a dozen years. Its a trend that shows no sign of reversing itself. Moreover, multiple surveys have confirmed that a lions share of boarding school leaders identify domestic boarding as their most pressing strategic challenge. As a commu nity of schools, it is time once again to take decisive action. Considerations In todays day and age, it does warrant careful consideration and planning to determine if creating another private school in this already struggling market is appropriate. This assessment will vary greatly on a number of factors, including the strength of area schools, the number of and quality of competitor schools, geographic area, and needs of the community, among others.   For example, a rural town in the midwest without strong public school options may benefit from a private school. However, in an area like New England, which is already home to more than 150 independent schools, starting a new institution might not be quite as successful.   Identify Your Niche 36-24 months before opening: Determine what kind of school the local market needs. (K-8, 9-12, day, boarding, Montessori, etc.) Ask parents and teachers for their opinions. If you can afford it, hire a marketing company to do a survey. It will help you focus your efforts and ensure that youre making a sound business decision. Once you determine what kind of school you will be opening, then decide how many grades will actually open the school. Your long-range plans may call for a K-12 school, but it makes more sense to start small and grow solidly. Establish the primary division, then add the upper grades over time as your resources permit. Form a Committee 24 months: Form a small committee of talented supporters to begin the preliminary work. Include parents with financial, legal, management and building experience. Ask for and get a commitment of time and financial support from each member. This important planning work which will demand much time and energy. These people can become the core of your first board of directors. Co-opt additional paid talent, if you can afford it, to guide you through the various challenges, indeed, roadblocks, which will inevitably confront you. Incorporate 18 months: File incorporation papers with your Secretary of State. The lawyer on your committee should be able to handle this for you. There are costs associated with the filing, but he should donate his legal services to the cause. This is a critical step in your long-term fundraising. People will give money much more readily to a legal entity or institution as opposed to a person. If you have already decided to establish your own proprietary school, you will be on your own when it comes to raising money. Develop a Business Plan 18 months: Develop a business plan. This should be a blueprint of how the school is going to operate over its first five years. Always be conservative in your projections. Do not try to do everything in the first five years unless you have been lucky enough to find a donor to fund the program in its entirety. Develop a Budget 18 months: Develop a budget for 5 years. This is the detailed look at income and expenses. The financial person on your committee should be responsible for developing this critical document. As always project your assumptions conservatively and factor in some wriggle room should things go wrong. You need to develop two budgets: an operating budget and a capital budget. For example, a swimming pool or an arts facility would fall under the capital side, while planning for social security expenses would be an operating budget expense. Seek expert advice. Find a Home 20 months: Locate a facility to house the school or develop building plans if you will be creating your own facility from scratch. Your architect and contractor committee members should spearhead this assignment. Think carefully before you leap at acquiring that wonderful old mansion or vacant office space. Schools require good locations for many reasons, not the least of which is safety. Older buildings can be money pits. Investigate modular buildings which will be greener as well. Tax-Exempt Status 16 months: Apply for tax-exempt 501(c)(3) status from the IRS. Again, your lawyer can handle this application. Submit it as early in the process as you can so that you can begin to solicit tax-deductible contributions. People and businesses will definitely look at your fundraising efforts much more favorably if you are a recognized tax-exempt organization.Tax-exempt status might also help with local taxes as well, though I do recommend your paying local taxes whenever or wherever possible, as a gesture of goodwill. Choose Key Staff Members 16 months: Identify your Head of School and your Business Manager. Conduct your search as widely as possible. Write job descriptions for these and all your staff and faculty positions. You will be looking for self-starters who enjoy building something from scratch. Once IRS approvals are in place, hire the head and the business manager. They need the stability and focus of a steady job to get your school open. You need their expertise to ensure an opening on time. Solicit Contributions 14 months: Secure your initial funding - donors and subscriptions. You will need to plan your campaign carefully so that you can build momentum, yet are able to keep pace with actual funding needs. Appoint a dynamic leader from your planning group to ensure the success of these initial efforts. Bake sales and car washes are not going to yield the large amount of capital which you will need. Well-planned appeals to foundations and local philanthropists will pay off. If you can afford it, hire a professional to help you write proposals and identify donors. Identify Your Faculty Requirements 14 months: It is critical to attract skilled faculty. Do so by agreeing to competitive compensation. Sell them on the vision of your new school. The chance to shape something is always appealing. While it is still over a year until you open, line up as many faculty members as you can. Do not leave this important job until the last minute. An agency such as Carney, Sandoe Associates will be helpful at this stage in finding and vetting teachers for you. Spread the Word 14 months: Advertise for students. Promote the new school through service club presentations and other community groups. Design a website and set up a mailing list to keep interested parents and donors in touch with your progress. Marketing your school is something which has to be done consistently, appropriately and effectively. If you can afford it, hire an expert to get this important job done. Open for Business 9 months: Open the school office and begin admissions interviews and tours of your facilities. January before a fall opening is the latest you can do this. Ordering instructional materials, planning curricula and devising a master timetable are just some of the tasks your professionals will have to attend to. Orient and Train Your Faculty 1 month: Have faculty in place to get the school ready for opening. The first year at a new school requires endless meetings and planning sessions for the academic staff. Get your teachers on the job no later than August 1 in order to be prepared for opening day. Depending on how lucky you are at attracting qualified teachers, you may have your hands full with this aspect of the project. Take the time needed to sell your new teachers on the schools vision. They need to buy into it, or else their negative attitudes could create a host of problems. Opening Day Make this a soft opening at which you welcome your students and any interested parents at a brief assembly. Then off to classes. Teaching is what your school will be known for. It needs to begin promptly on Day 1. The formal opening ceremonies should be a festive occasion. Schedule it for a few weeks after the soft opening. Faculty and students will have sorted themselves out by then. A feeling of community will be apparent. The public impression which your new school will make will be a positive one. Invite local, regional and state leaders. Stay Informed Join national and state private school associations. You will find incomparable resources. The networking opportunities for you and your staff are virtually limitless. Plan on attending association conferences in year 1 so that your school is visible. That will ensure plenty of applications for vacant positions in the following academic year. Tips Be conservative in your projections of revenues and expenses even if you have an angel who is paying for everything.Make sure real estate agents are aware of the new school. Families moving into the community always ask about schools. Arrange open houses and gatherings to promote your new school.Submit your schools website to sites like this one so that parents and teachers can become aware of its existence.Always plan your facilities with growth and expansion in mind. Be sure to keep them green as well. A sustainable school will last many years. One which is planned without any consideration of sustainability will fail eventually.